Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2007) - Mayotte (2002)

Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2007) z Mayotte (2002)

	Sao Tome and Principe (2007)	Mayotte (2002)

Administrative divisions	2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome note: Principe has had self government since 29 April 1995	none (territorial collectivity of France)
Age structure	0-14 years: 47.3% (male 47,796/female 46,589) 15-64 years: 49% (male 47,386/female 50,412) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 3,383/female 4,013) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 46.6% (male 39,927; female 39,628) 15-64 years: 51.7% (male 48,237; female 40,210) 65 years and over: 1.7% (male 1,429; female 1,448) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish	vanilla, ylang-ylang (perfume essence), coffee, copra
Airports	2 (2007)	1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 1,001 sq km land: 1,001 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 374 sq km land: 374 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	more than five times the size of Washington, DC	slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background	Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. Although the first free elections were held in 1991, the political environment has been one of continued instability with frequent changes in leadership and coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea promises to have a significant impact on the country's economy.	Mayotte was ceded to France along with the other islands of the Comoros group in 1843. It was the only island in the archipelago that voted in 1974 to retain its link with France and forego independence.
Birth rate	39.72 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	43.59 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $42.96 million expenditures: $59.61 million (2006 est.)	revenues: $NA expenditures: $73 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.)
Capital	name: Sao Tome geographic coordinates: 0 12 N, 6 39 E time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	Mamoutzou
Climate	tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)	tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November)
Coastline	209 km	185.2 km
Constitution	approved March 1990, effective 10 September 1990	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name	conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe local short form: Sao Tome e Principe	conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Mayotte conventional short form: Mayotte
Currency	-	euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)
Death rate	6.28 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	8.58 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$318 million (2002)	$NA
Dependency status	-	territorial collectivity of France
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands	none (territorial collectivity of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA chancery: 400 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (212) 317-0580 FAX: [1] (212) 935-7348 consulate(s): Atlanta	none (territorial collectivity of France)
Disputes - international	none	claimed by Comoros
Economic aid - recipient	$31.9 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program (2005)	$107.7 million (1995); note - extensive French financial assistance
Economy - overview	This small, poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence in 1975. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement, but strengthening prices helped boost export earnings in 2003. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food. Over the years, it has had difficulty servicing its external debt and has relied heavily on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program, which helped bring down the country's $300 million debt burden. In August 2005, Sao Tome signed on to a new 3-year IMF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) program worth $4.3 million. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Sao Tome is optimistic about the development of petroleum resources in its territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea, which are being jointly developed in a 60-40 split with Nigeria. The first production licenses were sold in 2004, though a dispute over licensing with Nigeria delayed Sao Tome's receipt of more than $20 million in signing bonuses for almost a year. Real GDP growth exceeded 4% in 2006, as a result of increases in public expenditures and oil-related capital investment.	Economic activity is based primarily on the agricultural sector, including fishing and livestock raising. Mayotte is not self-sufficient and must import a large portion of its food requirements, mainly from France. The economy and future development of the island are heavily dependent on French financial assistance, an important supplement to GDP. Mayotte's remote location is an obstacle to the development of tourism.
Electricity - consumption	16.74 million kWh (2005)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)	-
Electricity - production	18 million kWh (2005)	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA%
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Benara 660 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese)	NA
Exchange rates	dobras per US dollar - 12,050 (2006), 9,900.4 (2005), NA 9,902.3 (2004), 9,347.6 (2003), 9,088.3 (2002)	euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Fradique DE MENEZES (since 3 September 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Tome Soares da VERA CRUZ (since 21 April 2006) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 30 July 2006 (next to be held July 2011); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president election results: Fradique DE MENEZES elected president; percent of vote - Fradique DE MENEZES 60%, Patrice TROVOADA 38.5%	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Jean-Jacques BROT (since 3 July 2002) head of government: President of the General Council Younoussa BAMANA (since NA 1977) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; president of the General Council elected by the members of the General Council for a six-year term
Exports	NA bbl/day	$3.44 million f.o.b. (1997)
Exports - commodities	cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil	ylang-ylang (perfume essence), vanilla, copra, coconuts, coffee, cinnamon
Exports - partners	Netherlands 47.9%, Belgium 19%, Portugal 9.3% (2006)	France 80%, Comoros 15%, Reunion
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia	the flag of France is used
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $85 million (1998 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 15% industry: 13.7% services: 71.3% (2006 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $600 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4.4% (2006 est.)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	1 00 N, 7 00 E	12 50 S, 45 10 E
Geography - note	the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are fairly mountainous	part of Comoro Archipelago; 18 islands
Highways	-	total: 93 km paved: 72 km unpaved: 21 km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA bbl/day	$141.3 million f.o.b. (1997)
Imports - commodities	machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products	food, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, metals, chemicals
Imports - partners	Portugal 48.8%, France 19.7%, Belgium 5.1%, US 5.1% (2006)	France 66%, Africa 14%, Southeast Asia 11% (1997)
Independence	12 July 1975 (from Portugal)	none (territorial collectivity of France)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish processing, timber	newly created lobster and shrimp industry, construction
Infant mortality rate	total: 40.54 deaths/1,000 live births male: 42.42 deaths/1,000 live births female: 38.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	67.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	23.1% (2006 est.)	NA%
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)	FZ
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	NA
Irrigated land	100 sq km (2003)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly)	Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Labor force	35,050 (1991)	NA
Labor force - by occupation	note: population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; shortages of skilled workers	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 8.33% permanent crops: 48.96% other: 42.71% (2005)	arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA% (1998 est.)
Languages	Portuguese (official)	Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population
Legal system	based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	French law
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 26 March 2006 (next to be held in March 2010) election results: percent of vote by party - MDFM-PCD 37.2%, MLSTP 28.9%, ADI 20.0%, NR 4.7%, others 9.2%; seats by party - MDFM-PCD 23, MLSTP 19, ADI 12, NR 1	unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 7 October 2000 (next to be held NA 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA note: Mayotte elects one member of the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Mayotte also elects one member to the French National Assembly; elections last held 16 June 2002 (next to be held as a special election on NA June 2005); results - percent of vote by party - UMP-RPR 55.08%, UDF 44.92%; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 67.64 years male: 66.03 years female: 69.3 years (2007 est.)	total population: 60.21 years male: 58.12 years female: 62.37 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 84.9% male: 92.2% female: 77.9% (2001 census)	definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Location	Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon	Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from northern Madagascar to northern Mozambique
Map references	Africa	Africa
Maritime claims	measured from claimed archipelagic baselines territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 7 ships (1000 GRT or over) 20,455 GRT/27,871 DWT by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 6 foreign-owned: 2 (Egypt 1, Greece 1) (2007)	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	Sao Tome and Principe's army is a tiny force with almost no resources at its disposal and would be wholly ineffective operating unilaterally; infantry equipment is considered simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or replacement after 25 years in tropical climates; poor pay, working conditions, and alleged nepotism in the promotion of officers have been problems in the past, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003 coups; these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance aimed at improving the army and its focus on realistic security concerns; command is exercised from the president, through the Minister of Defense, to the Chief of the Armed Forces staff (2005)	defense is the responsibility of France; small contingent of French forces stationed on the island
Military branches	Armed Forces of Sao Tome and Principe (FASTP): Army, Navy, Presidential Guard (2007)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.8% (2006)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 12 July (1975)	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality	noun: Sao Tomean(s) adjective: Sao Tomean	noun: Mahorais (singular and plural) adjective: Mahoran
Natural hazards	NA	cyclones during rainy season
Natural resources	fish, hydropower	NEGL
Net migration rate	-2.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	9.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; Force for Change Democratic Movement or MDFM; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; New Way Movement or NR; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition; other small parties	Democratic Front or FD [Youssouf MOUSSA]; Mahoran Popular Movement or MPM [Younoussa BAMANA]; Federation of Mahorans or RPR [Moustoifa MOHAMED]; Movement for Department Status Mayotte or MDM [Younoussa BEN ALI]; Socialist Party or PS (local branch of French Parti Socialiste) [Ibrahim ABUBACAR]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Henri JEAN-BAPTISTE]; note - may no longer be in existence
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	199,579 (July 2007 est.)	170,879 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	54% (2004 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	3.13% (2007 est.)	4.41% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Dzaoudzi
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2001)	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (2001)
Radios	-	NA
Railways	-	0 km (2002)
Religions	Catholic 70.3%, Evangelical 3.4%, New Apostolic 2%, Adventist 1.8%, other 3.1%, none 19.4% (2001 census)	Muslim 97%, Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.026 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.843 male(s)/female total population: 0.976 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.2 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.99 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate facilities domestic: minimal system international: country code - 239; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: small system administered by French Department of Posts and Telecommunications domestic: NA international: microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communications to Comoros (2001)
Telephones - main lines in use	7,100 (2005)	12,000 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular	12,000 (2005)	0 (2000)
Television broadcast stations	2 (2001)	3 (2001)
Terrain	volcanic, mountainous	generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks
Total fertility rate	5.53 children born/woman (2007 est.)	6.15 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%	45% (1997) (1997)
Waterways	-	none

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